Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) adopted the ‘BRICS Leaders’ Xiamen Declaration,’ reaffirming their commitment to fully implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, committing to enhance BRICS cooperation on climate change and expand green financing, and agreeing “to take concrete actions to advance result-oriented cooperation in such areas as prevention of air and water pollution, waste management and biodiversity conservation,” among others.
On climate, the BRICS leaders call for full implementation of the Paris Agreement on climate change, including the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, and urge developed countries to provide financial, technological and capacity-building support to developing countries to enhance their mitigation and adaptation capabilities.
On agriculture, BRICS agree to deepen cooperation in five priority areas: food security and nutrition; adaptation of agriculture to climate change; agricultural technology cooperation and innovation; agricultural trade and investment; and information and communication technology (ICT) application in agriculture to, inter alia, contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
"The BRICS leaders reaffirm their commitment to industrial cooperation, highlight the importance of innovation as a key driver for mid- and long-term economic growth and global sustainable development, agree to share experience and practices in realizing education-related SDGs, and recognize the importance of improving urban environmental sustainability."
On energy, the BRICS leaders commit to strengthen their cooperation, and acknowledge that clean and affordable energy needs to be affordable for all. They pledge to work to foster open, flexible and transparent markets for energy commodities and technologies, as well as to promote effective use of fossil fuels and wider use of gas, hydro and nuclear power to improve energy access.
The BRICS leaders also, inter alia: reaffirm their commitment to industrial cooperation, including on industrial capacities and policies, new industrial infrastructure and standards; highlight the importance of innovation as a key driver for mid- and long-term economic growth and global sustainable development; agree to share experience and practices in realizing education-related SDGs; and recognize the importance of improving urban environmental sustainability.
The Xiamen Declaration is the outcome of the ninth BRICS Summit, which took place in Xiamen, China, from 3-5 September 2017, under the theme ‘BRICS: Stronger Partnership for a Brighter Future.’ It outlines the countries’ practical economic cooperation, as well as their contribution to global economic governance, international peace and security, and people-to-people exchanges. Annexes to the Declaration include more than 60 BRICS cooperation outcome documents, the Xiamen Action Plan, a list of BRICS meetings for 2017 and proposals to be further explored.
It’s official: India has been elected as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) for 2021-22. Previously, the country has adopted a cautionary approach towards climate security. While it may not significantly shift its positions, global realities may trigger more openness, with an eye on multilateralism, rule of law and fairness.
75 years ago, the UN was born. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the UN looks back at several important achievements, but much work on persisting challenges still lies ahead. Increased UN engagement in three areas can make the region more resilient to future challenges.
Conflicts connected to water-security are often related to climate change issues. However, the link between water-scarcity-related risks and security challenges is not as straightforward, direct and immediate as often perceived. The online workshop ‘Mobilising decision-makers on water scarcity-induced conflict risks: The Water, Peace and Security Partnership’, organised by the European Peacebuilding Liaison Office (EPLO) and adelphi, looked into this complex relationship.
Insecurity is plaguing north-western Nigeria, due to persistent herder-farmer tensions, rising crime and infiltration by Islamist militants. Federal and state authorities should focus on resolving conflict between agrarian and pastoralist communities, through dialogue and resource-sharing agreements, while also stepping up law enforcement.