Already in 1941, one of the UN's fathers, Franklin D. Roosevelt, called attention to the fact that peace was much more than the absence of war. He defined peace as freedom of speech, freedom of religious belief, freedom from want and freedom from fear.
Today we must admit that these freedoms are neither recognised everywhere in the world, nor even within reach. However, it is clear that there cannot be a comprehensive peace in this century if we do not take up the fight against climate change as the central challenge of our time.
Germany is therefore going ahead with determination. We have set ourselves ambitious national climate targets to be reached by 2050. By 2020 we intend to reduce emissions by 40 percent compared to 1990 levels. To meet this great challenge, we must increase our efforts even further. I will therefore present an additional set of measures before the conference in Lima. At EU level we are working hard to see that an ambitious climate and energy package for 2030 is adopted in October.
As we are here at the UN Secretary-General’s Climate Summit, I would like to point out that we also aim at formalizing our domestic efforts internationally. This is why we plan to ratify the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol in early 2015. In addition to this we intend to cancel our Kyoto Protocol emission rights to the extent to which we over-achieve our target under European legislation in the non-emission-trading-sector.
At the Paris 2015 summit we must adopt a new climate agreement containing effective steps towards keeping global warming below 2 degrees Celsius. It is therefore very important that by the beginning of 2015 all major CO2 emitters present ambitious national contributions for the period after 2020 on a comparable basis.
Our goal is an agreement with fixed reduction commitments that are binding for all countries. For this to succeed, the richest countries must stand by the poorer countries as partners. Germany will contribute up to 750 million euros - around one billion US dollars - to the initial financing of the Green Climate Fund. Seeing as many countries as possible contribute to a substantial initial funding before the conference in Lima would send an important signal to developing countries.
I would also like to encourage a discussion about long-term goals beyond the next commitment period. By mid-century we must almost completely decarbonise global energy production. All plans to build new coal-fired power plants must be subjected to critical review. In the field of climate and development cooperation we will no longer provide any funding for the construction of new plants. Moreover, we will finance the modernisation of coal-fired power plants currently in operation only to a limited extent and in accordance with clearly defined criteria. Germany's government is thus joining the initiative launched by several banks and industrialised countries.
Many initiatives have been launched at this summit - we are participating in the areas forest conservation, renewable energies, urban development and carbon pricing, for example - and deeds must now follow. We hope that the Secretary-General will continue to support this.
Now let's roll up our sleeves and get to work!
At a briefing ahead of the COP25, foreign minister Heiko Maas called for higher ambition for the European Union, which should act as a role-model to encourage other states to boost their commitments to climate action. He further reiterated the importance of supporting multilateralism and an international climate regime that is able to withstand setbacks, such as the US withdrawal of the Paris Agreement.
Climate change is increasingly challenging global security and undermining peacebuilding efforts. UN Environment and the European Union have joined forces to address these challenges. With the support of adelphi, they have developed a toolkit on ‘Addressing climate-fragility risks’. This toolkit facilitates the development and implementation of strategies, policies, and projects that seek to build resilience by linking climate change adaptation, peacebuilding, and sustainable livelihoods, focusing on the pilot countries Sudan and Nepal.
Nobody needs to be convinced that climate change affects our very existence and security. However, experts are interested to know how climate change affects security at a global level and what the EU can do in that regard. This was the main aim of the European Security and Defence College (ESDC) Climate Change and Security Course co-organised by the French Institute for Higher National Defence Studies (IHEDN) and adelphi, as part of the Climate Diplomacy initiative supported by the German Federal Foreign Office, which took place in Brussels from 21 to 23 October 2019.
The new study Shoring up Stability demonstrates, for the first time, how climate change interacts with conflict and exacerbates the humanitarian crisis in the Lake Chad region. To launch the report and discuss its findings with local policy-makers, experts and practitioners, the German Embassy in Niger, adelphi and CNESS co-organised a launch event on 24 October in Niamey. Insights from Niger point to the importance of investing in governance rather than technical fixes.