Barbara Hendricks, Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety

Already in 1941, one of the UN's fathers, Franklin D. Roosevelt, called attention to the fact that peace was much more than the absence of war. He defined peace as freedom of speech, freedom of religious belief, freedom from want and freedom from fear.

Today we must admit that these freedoms are neither recognised everywhere in the world, nor even within reach. However, it is clear that there cannot be a comprehensive peace in this century if we do not take up the fight against climate change as the central challenge of our time.

Germany is therefore going ahead with determination. We have set ourselves ambitious national climate targets to be reached by 2050. By 2020 we intend to reduce emissions by 40 percent compared to 1990 levels. To meet this great challenge, we must increase our efforts even further. I will therefore present an additional set of measures before the conference in Lima. At EU level we are working hard to see that an ambitious climate and energy package for 2030 is adopted in October.

As we are here at the UN Secretary-General’s Climate Summit, I would like to point out that we also aim at formalizing our domestic efforts internationally. This is why we plan to ratify the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol in early 2015. In addition to this we intend to cancel our Kyoto Protocol emission rights to the extent to which we over-achieve our target under European legislation in the non-emission-trading-sector.

At the Paris 2015 summit we must adopt a new climate agreement containing effective steps towards keeping global warming below 2 degrees Celsius. It is therefore very important that by the beginning of 2015 all major CO2 emitters present ambitious national contributions for the period after 2020 on a comparable basis.

Our goal is an agreement with fixed reduction commitments that are binding for all countries. For this to succeed, the richest countries must stand by the poorer countries as partners. Germany will contribute up to 750 million euros - around one billion US dollars - to the initial financing of the Green Climate Fund. Seeing as many countries as possible contribute to a substantial initial funding before the conference in Lima would send an important signal to developing countries.

I would also like to encourage a discussion about long-term goals beyond the next commitment period. By mid-century we must almost completely decarbonise global energy production. All plans to build new coal-fired power plants must be subjected to critical review. In the field of climate and development cooperation we will no longer provide any funding for the construction of new plants. Moreover, we will finance the modernisation of coal-fired power plants currently in operation only to a limited extent and in accordance with clearly defined criteria. Germany's government is thus joining the initiative launched by several banks and industrialised countries.

Many initiatives have been launched at this summit - we are participating in the areas forest conservation, renewable energies, urban development and carbon pricing, for example - and deeds must now follow. We hope that the Secretary-General will continue to support this.

Now let's roll up our sleeves and get to work!

Climate Change
Climate Diplomacy
Energy
Finance
Global Issues
Laura Merrill and Franziska Funke, IISD

Ten years after committing to phase out fossil fuel subsidies, G20 countries still subsidise coal, oil and gas to the tune of around USD 150 billion annually. Peer review of fossil fuel subsidies help push the G20 forward on this issue, but these reviews need to be followed by action. Subsidy reforms could free up resources that could be channeled back into government programmes and on accelerating a clean energy transition.

Climate Change
Climate Diplomacy
Global Issues
Dennis Tänzler, adelphi

Adapting to climate change and strengthening resilience are becoming priorities for the international community – however, they require greater ambition in climate policy. 107 governments and numerous international organisations have endorsed a call for action on raising ambition at the United Nations Climate Change Summit on 23rd September 2019. Following the summit, the Global Commission on Adaptation will begin its Year of Action to meet the climate challenges ahead. The Year of Action is here to accelerate climate adaptation around the world, to improve human well-being and to drive more sustainable economic development and security.

Biodiversity & Livelihoods
Forests
Minerals & Mining
Central America & Caribbean
Adriana Erthal Abdenur, Igarapé Institute

A new form of organized crime has recently been emerging in the Amazon: illegal mining. Miners fell trees, use high-grade explosives for blasting soils and dredge riverbeds. But the impacts go beyond environmental damage, bringing with it a slew of other social problems. Peace researcher Adriana Abdenur urges policymakers to improve coordination and argues that diplomacy may help prevent further conflicts, corruption and crime.

Conflict Transformation
Water
Global Issues
Benjamin Pohl (adelphi) and Susanne Schmeier (IHE Delft)

Access to water can be a critical resource for cooperation, but also a source of tension. Identifying risks before their onset is crucial for the efficiency and economic feasibility of intervention strategies, but how can these risks be measured? To address this conundrum, adelphi together with several partners convened a side-event at World Water Week, which connected experts developing analytical tools to policy makers in the water sector.