Climate negotiations take place in climate governance frameworks, under the umbrella of international organizations. Meanwhile, climate action is happening on national, local and non-governmental levels. How are these two instances connected?

Climate change in Afghanistan is not an uncertain, “potential” future risk but a very real, present threat— whose impacts have already been felt by millions of farmers and pastoralists across the country. In this report, it is shown how drought and flood risks have changed over the past thirty years, and what impact this has had on rural livelihoods and food security in the country.

Substantial changes are underway in a number of countries and in international politics. Time is also running short for the global community to tackle climate change. Donald Trump’s election as US president and the US’s withdrawal from the Paris Agreement has cast a long shadow over international climate cooperation and diplomacy. The world community is looking to China to help fill the leadership vacuum in international climate politics. This discussion paper seeks to provide a list of concrete recommendations for operationalising China’s global climate leadership and the rationale for why China should go for it.

The Orange-Senqu Basin in Southern Africa is among the most developed basins on the African continent. Already affected by severe climate variabilities, future climate change  could worsen existing challenges. Despite a high-level of institutional cooperation between all basin countries, existing water-related disagreements could be aggravated by the impacts of climate change.