Inclusivity can be a powerful vehicle of climate action
The momentum for climate action we are witnessing is extraordinary. Throughout 2019, millions of people took the streets all around the world to join the youth climate movement's school strike. Yet at this year’s most important climate politics meeting, the UN Climate Action Summit in New York, most governments were far from committing to sufficient action to avert dangerous climate change. Dr. Beatrice Mosello and Dr. Virginie Le Masson explain how to move things forward.
Old rhetoric dies hard
Public pressure has already pushed countries such as Germany and the UK to commit to becoming greenhouse gas-neutral by 2050. Likewise, at the UN Climate Action Summit, a group of nearly 90 large companies promised to reach net zero emissions by 2050.
These commitments are encouraging, but whether or not these good intentions will result in concrete action to mitigate carbon emissions is another matter. The Global Carbon Project reports that, despite the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, global CO2 emissions have risen steadily since 1960, and were projected to rise by a near-record amount by 2019, according to the UK Met Office. Governments have been widely criticised for their lack of ambition –India is planning to ramp up renewable energy but not to phase out coal, China is not putting forward any new measures, and the US and Brazil are not showing up at international climate summits. The world urgently needs more fundamental socio-economic transformations and carbon-curbing actions in key sectors, such as land use and energy, together with tools to support adaptation.
Climate mitigation policies are likely to face backlash from companies that have generated their wealth based on the exploitation of the environment. For instance, recent attempts by oil and gas companies to engage with young people and discuss their response to climate change are tainted by the industries’ efforts in delaying or blocking climate policies. Industrial food production and large-scale factory farming will also have to adapt. Currently, crop subsidies in large economies like the US and the EU are still supporting GHG-intensive activities, such as providing livestock producers with cheap feed grains that allow the meat industry to keep their prices low and thus stimulate meat consumption.
Decision-makers must drive inclusive, multilateral action
So how can we create the shifts in power relations to ensure everyone does its part in addressing the climate emergency we are facing?
A first way is by opening up space to new voices. History shows that change is possible, even when the interests ranged against it are formidable – what happened with slavery, female suffrage, and workers' civil rights stands as a hopeful reminder of what social movements and political commitment can achieve. The youth is picking up on that, not only through regular protests, but also through concerted political action. What is more, girls and women have taken the centre stage in the current wave of climate protests – not only ingenious environmental, but also feminist signs and slogans have captured the their right to have the same voice and responsibilities as men in deciding about the world’s future.
Secondly, governments should play a key role through foreign policy by supporting climate diplomacy and international climate processes. Whereas traditional diplomacy works on bi- and multilateral cooperation that often ends up increasing the gap between rich and poor, climate diplomacy has been fundamental in shifting the narrative to support equity and justice. It has brought developing countries to the centre stage, pointing out their heightened vulnerabilities, as well as the bigger responsibilities of developed countries. In a way, climate diplomacy has been, by its very nature, one of the greatest equalizers of contemporary politics. Therefore, beyond pointing to the increasing difficulties of achieving joint action in a changed geopolitical environment, decision-makers must focus on actively driving multilateral action forward and constantly underlining its value. If we are to fundamentally redesign our financial, trade, production, energy, political and social systems to address the climate crisis, this process will be essential. Climate diplomacy can support equity and justice: without it, everyone will lose.
As India grapples with the worsening impacts of climate change, the need to strengthen its adaptation efforts has become more significant than ever. Climate diplomacy and mainstreaming climate adaptation into the most vulnerable sectors could provide some solutions to overcoming barriers, such as the lack of sustainable funding.
“Climate Security risks will materialise in very different ways and forms, whether we talk about Lake Chad or about the Arctic, Bangladesh and the Small Island Developing States,” said the EU’s Ambassador to the United Nations in New York, Joao Vale de Almeida, in his opening remarks. “But for the EU, there is no doubt, as underlined in 2016 in our Global Strategy, and reaffirmed by the 28 Ministers of Foreign Affairs, that climate change is a major threat to the security of the EU and to global peace and security more generally,” he said.
The challenges facing the international community are growing while the willingness to cooperate seems to be waning. Foreign policy must help bridge this gap. One way to accomplish this is by pushing forward a major achievement of multilateralism: the 2030 Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals. At a side event during the 2019 High-Level Political Forum, diplomats and policy experts discussed the role of foreign policy in the global sustainability architecture.
Global progress towards achieving the SDGs is slow, and for many targets, off track. While SDG implementation is primarily a national task and responsibility, it also requires concerted international cooperation. This article presents two arguments why foreign policy could play an important role in their achievement.